The Allure of Pearl Ribbon Trim in Modern Fashion

Elegant display of pearl ribbon trim on fabric

Intro

Pearl ribbon trim has earned its place in the pantheon of fashion as a delicate yet striking embellishment. This understated accessory is not merely decorative; it holds historical significance and contemporary relevance, making it a topic worthy of exploration. Beyond its aesthetic appeal, the use of pearl ribbon trim speaks volumes about personal style, offering a glimpse into the wearer's taste and understanding of fashion. To navigate this topic, we will journey through its historical roots, examine current fashion trends, explore styling tips, and discuss sustainability.

As fashion enthusiasts, retailers, stylists, designers, and bloggers dive into this detailed narrative, they will uncover how something as simple as ribbon can elevate a look from mundane to fabulous. The blend of elegance and charm that pearl ribbon trim offers can transform everyday garments into something truly eye-catching.

Clothing Trends

Seasonal Must-Haves

In today’s rapidly changing fashion landscape, certain elements stand out as must-haves for each season, with pearl ribbon trim being one of them. During spring and summer, this trim adds a touch of lightness and sophistication to garments, from dresses to blouses. Think about the steamy afternoon sun hitting a soft chiffon dress adorned with that glimmering pearl detail. It's mesmerizing.

When autumn rolls around, the colors shift, and the layering begins. Here, pearl ribbon trim can elevate chunky knits or tailored jackets, giving them a hint of refinement without overwhelming the look. For winter, incorporating pearl ribbon in accessories—like headbands or scarves—becomes a preferred choice. They serve not only to embellish but also to warm.

Iconic Styles Through Decades

Throughout fashion's timeline, pearl ribbon trim has pivoted and transformed, showing its versatility. In the 1920s, it epitomized Art Deco elegance, prevalent in flapper dresses and headpieces. Fast forward to the 1970s, and it found its way into bohemian-inspired designs, where its organic shapes were used to complement flowing fabrics.

In the modern era, it straddles both the high-end fashion world and street style. Designers like Chanel have famously incorporated pearl trims in their collections, while independent designers are now using them to create one-of-a-kind pieces that stand out in the market. Ultimately, pearl ribbon has been a constant thread in fashion, adapting and evolving while retaining its core charm.

The beauty of pearl ribbon trim lies not just in its appearance but also in the stories it tells across different eras.

Fashion Tips

Styling Essentials for Every Occasion

When it comes to integrating pearl ribbon trim into your wardrobe, consider the occasion. For formal events, a classic choice would be a fitted evening gown with pearl ribbon accents at the waist or neckline. Pair it with understated jewelry to allow the pearl trim to shine.

For more casual outings, such as brunch with friends, think about a light denim jacket with pearl accents on the pockets or hems. It adds a playful yet chic element to your outfit without being overly dressy. This versatility ensures that pearl trim can be seen in various settings, from elegant galas to relaxed afternoons.

Accessorizing to Elevate Your Look

To really make your style pop, accessories are key. Here are some tips on how to use pearl ribbon trim in your accessories:

Hair Accessories: Pearl-embellished hairbands or clips can add an element of surprise to any hairstyle. They enhance both updos or loose hairstyles alike.
Bags: Consider a clutch bag adorned with pearl ribbon. It brings a sophisticated touch, especially for evening events.
Jewelry: Layer pearl ribbon in your necklaces or bracelets for a unique, textured look. It alludes to elegance without screaming for attention.

In wrapping up, pearl ribbon trim is not just a trend; it embodies a true fashion statement. While adaptable, it manages to retain its essence throughout the changing tides of the fashion world. By experimenting with styles, we can celebrate the beauty of this timeless embellishment as it continues to weave its way into our wardrobes.

Preamble to Pearl Ribbon Trim

In the world of fashion, details matter. One such detail that captures both elegance and versatility is pearl ribbon trim. This subtle yet striking embellishment not only enhances the aesthetic of various garments but also adds layers of meaning and significance to them. For fashion enthusiasts, understanding pearl ribbon trim is essential; it reflects personal style and can elevate outfits from mundane to extraordinary.

Definition and Characteristics

Pearl ribbon trim typically features pearls or pearl-like beads sewn onto ribbons, creating a unique blend of textures and shapes. These ribbons can vary in width, color, and material, giving designers ample opportunity to experiment. The characteristics of pearl ribbon trim include:

Lustre: The shine of the pearls catches the eye, adding glam without overwhelming the overall design.
Variety: Available in both natural and synthetic forms, pearls can cater to different styles and budgets.
Versatility: Suitable for various applications, from evening gowns to casual wear, pearl ribbon trim can be adapted to fit many themes.

Some dresses, blouses, and accessories now sport embellished edges, showcasing a delicate interplay between fabric and embellishment. Such details convey a sense of sophistication, making the garments feel more special, like a swan amidst the ducks.

Historical Background

The use of pearls in fashion is nothing new. Historically, pearls have been synonymous with luxury and wealth. From ancient civilizations, where pearls were regarded as symbols of status, to their incorporation in modern fashion, these gems have always had a foothold in high society. In the early 20th century, designers began experimenting more boldly with embellishments, giving rise to trends that utilized pearl trims.

In the 1920s, the flapper movement embraced the opulence of pearls, using them to adorn dresses as women sought to express their newfound independence and flair for dramatics. Similarly, as Hollywood emerged in the mid-1900s, pearl ribbon trims found favor on the silver screen, enhancing leading ladies' elegance.

This historical context not only highlights the cultural significance of pearl ribbon trim but also its ongoing relevance in contemporary fashion. Today, designers draw inspiration from these rich narratives to create collections that honor tradition while pushing boundaries.

"Fashion is the armor to survive the reality of everyday life." - Bill Cunningham

Understanding these roots can enrich our appreciation of pearl ribbon trim. It’s intertwined with threads of history, culture, and individual expression, making it more than just a decorative addition to clothing.

Materials Used in Pearl Ribbon Trim

The choice of materials in pearl ribbon trim significantly shapes its allure and performance. Understanding these materials not only highlights the aesthetic appeal but also informs on factors such as durability and sustainability. In the world of fashion, where every detail counts, the quality of materials used can make or break a design. From evening gowns to bridal wear, choosing the right pearl and ribbon can elevate a garment from merely nice to truly exceptional.

Natural vs. Synthetic Pearls

Natural pearls have a distinct charm; they were formed over time within oysters, each one bearing unique characteristics that reflect nature's artistry. The lustrous sheen and organic shapes create an aura of exclusivity. However, their rarity often results in high costs. For a designer, working with natural pearls dictates careful selection and placement to highlight their unique properties, which often lend an air of sophistication to any piece.

On the flip side, synthetic pearls offer a practical alternative. Manufactured from materials such as plastic or glass, they can replicate the appearance of true pearls at a fraction of the cost. These pearls are incredibly uniform in sizing and coloration, allowing for consistent designs. Additionally, they can be produced in a broad range of colors, which can be creatively utilized in various fashion contexts. The trade-off here is the authenticity and emotional connection that natural pearls often evoke in consumers.

Ultimately, the choice between natural and synthetic pearls hinges on the intended use and target market. Designers must weigh the aesthetic values against budgetary restrictions and consumer preferences.

"Choosing between natural and synthetic pearls isn't simply about aesthetics; it speaks volumes about the brand's identity and its commitment to ethical practices."

Types of Ribbons Employed

Ribbons used in pearl trim vary widely in materials and textures, each contributing to the overall impact of the garment. Silk ribbon, for instance, is soft to the touch and exudes luxury. Its natural sheen complements the glimmer of pearls perfectly, making it a popular choice for high-end evening wear. Moreover, silk's breathability ensures comfort, which is crucial for all-day events, like weddings or galas.

Then there's velvet - a fabric that brings warmth and depth to any design. When paired with pearls, velvet creates a rich, tactile experience, ideal for autumn and winter pieces where coziness is key. The plush nature of velvet contrasts beautifully with the smoothness of pearls, resulting in a captivating visual dynamic.

In contrast, satin ribbons inject a glossy shine, making outfits pop. They are often implemented in casual wear or event-centric accessories, serving as eye-catching elements that can brighten up any simple dress or blouse. For those who prefer a more rustic look, cotton or jute ribbons provide a down-to-earth feel, often used in boho-chic styles. Their texture adds a layer of variance to the smoothness of pearls, creating an interesting juxtaposition.

Considerations in ribbon choice also include width, elasticity, and color. Wider ribbons can create a bolder statement, while thinner ones might add subtle elegance. Elasticity is also essential; a ribbon that stretches can be perfect for fitted garments, making the overall design more comfortable.

Applications in Fashion

The realm of fashion is a canvas where creativity and expression intertwine. In this context, pearl ribbon trim emerges as a distinctive feature that can transform garments into statements of elegance and style. Understanding its applications across various categories is vital for anyone looking to elevate their fashion game. Here, we dissect the relevance of pearl ribbon trim in evening wear, everyday fashion, and bridal attire, uncovering its significance and versatility.

Evening Wear

When it comes to evening wear, the allure of pearl ribbon trim is undeniable. Evening gowns, cocktail dresses, and upscale blouses often incorporate this embellishment to impart sophistication. Imagine a deep navy satin gown adorned with delicate pearl ribbon trim along the neckline and hem. Such details not only accentuate the design but also catch the light beautifully, adding a touch of glamour that can make the wearer stand out in any formal setting.

For those who prefer an understated approach, a simple bodice can be beautifully complemented with a horizontal pearl ribbon across the waist. This creates a subtle definition without overwhelming the design. Additionally, using different colors of pearls—like soft pastels or classic whites—can align the garment with various evening themes, from classy and chic to more vibrant affairs.

Everyday Fashion

Pearl ribbon trim isn’t just reserved for black-tie events; it plays a pivotal role in everyday fashion as well. Casual wear can gain a touch of refinement with the inclusion of pearl accents. For instance, a basic white t-shirt can be given new life with a pearl ribbon trim sewn around the sleeves or neck, introducing an element of surprise to an otherwise simple piece.

The beauty of incorporating pearl ribbon trim in everyday fashion lies in its adaptability. Pairing a denim jacket with pearl trim alongside a casual dress can elevate the entire ensemble, making it suitable for brunch dates or casual outings. Striking a balance between comfort and style is central to modern fashion, and pearl accents help achieve that. When it comes to designing with everyday wear, the trim does not overpower but rather enhances, giving a polished finish to an otherwise laid-back look.

Bridal and Special Occasions

In the world of weddings and special occasions, pearl ribbon trim takes on a significant role. Wedding dresses traditionally embrace the elegance of pearls, and when paired with ribbons, they create a harmonious blend of textures that many brides covet. A flowing A-line bridal gown adorned with pearl ribbon trim can capture both romantic and timeless aesthetics. Many designers now craft bridal accessories, like veils or sashes, featuring this embellishment, allowing brides to incorporate pearls in ways beyond the gown.

Furthermore, for bridesmaids, dresses featuring pearl ribbon trims provide a cohesive and elegant look for the wedding party. The choice of ribbon colors, such as blush, sage, or even deep burgundy, can complement the wedding theme seamlessly while allowing each bridesmaid to maintain individual style.

In summary, the applications of pearl ribbon trim in fashion extend far and wide. Whether enhancing the sophistication of evening wear, refining daily ensembles, or contributing to the sentimentality of bridal attire, this trim is much more than just decoration; it's a defining element that can speak volumes about personal style.

Fashionable outfit accented with pearl ribbon trim

"Pearl ribbon trim not only enhances the visual appeal of a garment but also infuses it with a unique personality."

Incorporating pearl ribbon trim opens a world of possibilities, offering those with an eye for fashion endless opportunities to explore and express their unique style.

Styling Tips for Pearl Ribbon Trim

In the realm of fashion, the devil is often in the details. Pearl ribbon trim can elevate an outfit from ordinary to extraordinary, playing a pivotal role in one’s sartorial expression. Knowing how to style this embellishment can not only highlight one’s personal flair but also enhance the overall aesthetics of any garment. The right techniques in pairing and accessorizing can breathe life into even the simplest of ensembles. With that in mind, let’s delve into the particulars of how to effectively utilize pearl ribbon trim.

Pairing with Complementary Fabrics

Choosing the right fabrics to pair with pearl ribbon trim is like finding the perfect dance partner. They need to complement one another to create a harmonious balance. The best fabrics to match with pearl ribbons tend to be those that can carry the subtle elegance of the pearls without overpowering them.

Silks and Satins: These luxurious materials naturally have a soft sheen that beautifully reflects the luster of pearls. A pearl trim wrapped around a silk dress or satin blouse gives off sophistication and glam.
Cotton and Linen: For a more laid-back look, consider opting for light cotton or breathable linen fabrics. Pearl trims can provide a splash of elegance without clashing with the casual nature of these materials.
Tulle and Organza: These sheer fabrics create an ethereal vibe, especially for evening wear. Adding pearl trim can amplify this effect and make any garment feel more special.
Blend with Texture: Mixing textures can also create an intriguing visual aesthetic. A chunky knit paired with delicate pearl trim can balances casual and formal elements, ensuring the pearls are a standout feature without being too loud.

Accessories that Enhance the Look

The beauty of pearl ribbon trim is not just limited to the garments themselves but can extend into a broader accessorizing strategy. The right accessories can create an aligned aesthetic that resonates visually. Here are some complementary accessories that can enhance the look when working with pearl ribbon trim:

Statement Necklaces: A bold piece can frame the face and draw attention when layered with pearl ribbon trim. Look for necklaces that echo the pearl theme for a cohesive effect.
Earrings: Choose earrings that either mirror the pearls or pick designs that contrast elegantly. Chandelier earrings, for example, can add a touch of glam without overwhelming the outfit.
Belts: Incorporating a belt that features pearl accents can tie together a look, especially in dresses. This trick works wonders for cinching in the waist while keeping the focus on the pearl trim.
Handbags: A simple clutch or handbag embellished with pearls can serve as an excellent complement. It creates a visual connection between your accessories and the pearl trim, enriching the overall appearance.
Footwear: Don’t skimp on the shoes! A classic pair of heels with delicate embellishments or even pearl details can enhance the overall elegance.

Each accessory should not just be an afterthought but should be intentionally selected to harmonize with the pearls. In fashion, the details matter, and getting them right can make all the difference.

"The secret to style is learning what works for you and playing it up with details that shine."

In embracing these styling tips, the potential for creativity and personal expression expands. Pearl ribbon trim does not just serve as decoration—it invites an exploration of aesthetics in every facet of an outfit.

Sustainability Considerations

In an age where environmental awareness is becoming increasingly paramount, discussions surrounding sustainability in fashion cannot be overlooked, especially regarding ornate details like pearl ribbon trim. The fashion industry, historically known for its fast-paced trends and wastefulness, is beginning to shift towards more sustainable practices. This transition is not only important for the planet but also for the consumers who demand responsibly made goods. By embracing sustainability, designers and brands can enhance their appeal and preserve the delicate balance between aesthetics and ethics.

Understanding sustainability in the context of pearl ribbon trim involves recognizing its materials, production methods, and end-of-life implications. It encourages brands to rethink every aspect — from sourcing faux pearls to selecting eco-friendly ribbons. Manufacturers face the task of aligning creativity with ecological responsibility, which is often easier said than done. Yet, the benefits are manifold: reducing environmental impact, attracting mindful customers, and maintaining a competitive edge in a crowded market.

Eco-Friendly Alternatives

When it comes to pearl ribbon trim, eco-friendly alternatives are a game changer. While traditional pearls may pose environmental concerns, options like recycled glass beads or biodegradable materials provide sustainable elegance. Many artisans and brands are now sourcing pearly embellishments made from plant-based resins or repurposed materials. These alternatives not only lessen the carbon footprint but also lessen waste.

Recycled Glass Beads: These mimic the look of pearls, shining with an iridescent quality that can add glamour without the eco-cost.
Biodegradable Ribbons: Options crafted from organic cotton, silk, or jute enhance the sustainability quotient of designs.
Natural Dyes: Utilizing dyes derived from fruits, vegetables, or minerals ensures colors that are lively, yet gentle on the environment.

By choosing these materials, designers can carve a niche in the marketplace that champions sustainability and luxury. The end result is a garment that encapsulates beauty while respecting nature.

Ethical Production Practices

The journey of sustainability isn’t complete without hammering down the importance of ethical production practices. This involves treating workers fairly, ensuring safe working conditions, and adhering to fair trade principles. In the world of fashion, every pearl ribbon trim creation should go beyond mere aesthetics; it should echo a commitment to ethical labor.

When brands ensure that artisans are paid fairly and work in humane conditions, they cultivate a deeper connection with consumers who value transparency. Some practices to consider include:

Responsible Sourcing: Selecting suppliers who are certified by recognized eco-labels ensures that materials are sourced ethically.
Local Production: By producing locally, designers can minimize transportation emissions and support local economies.
Educational Initiatives: Many brands invest in training programs for workers, empowering them with skills and knowledge while promoting community growth.

"Fashion is not just about looking good; it's about feeling good too, knowing that your choices benefit both the wearer and the world."

Thus, fostering a culture of ethical production not only bolsters brand loyalty but also contributes to a more sustainable fashion landscape, where artistry thrives alongside responsibility.

In summary, by considering eco-friendly alternatives and advocating for ethical production practices, the integration of pearl ribbon trim into fashion design can be both exquisite and conscientious. This balance of elegance and ethics invites consumers to be part of a positive change, making every stylish statement also a sustainable one.

The Cultural Significance of Pearl Ribbon Trim

Sustainable materials used in pearl ribbon trim

Pearl ribbon trim is not merely an embellishment; it carries profound cultural importance across diverse realms and communities. This decorative element has woven itself into the tapestries of fashion history, acting as a bridge between past traditions and contemporary expressions. Its significance unfolds in various contexts, encompassing aesthetics, symbolism, and social narratives. Understanding pearl ribbon trim requires delving into how different cultures perceive and incorporate this charm into their sartorial language.

Symbolism in Different Cultures

Throughout history, pearls have symbolized purity and elegance. For instance, in many Eastern cultures, pearls are often associated with love and wealth. In China, they are sometimes linked to femininity and can signify the moon's reflection on water, representing tranquility and richness. Similarly, in Western societies, the white luster of pearls has been associated with innocence and virtue, often seen in bridal wear where they evoke notions of purity.

When it comes to pearl ribbon trim, its contextual symbolism transcends mere aesthetics. By integrating this element into garments, wearers are often making statements that align with their cultural values. Here are a few examples of how pearl ribbon trim finds its symbolic resonance:

Bridal Significance: In many cultures, brides incorporate pearls as a symbol of their new beginning, reflecting their journey into marital life.
Royalty and Status: Historically, pearl-decorated garments have been worn by royalty and the elite, signaling status and sophistication.
Ceremonial Attire: In various cultures, specific ceremonies see the use of pearl trims on garments, marking the significance of the occasion, be it a coming-of-age or a spiritual rite.

Influence on Modern Fashion Trends

In today's fast-paced fashion landscape, pearl ribbon trim has experienced a resurgence. Its adaptability means it can be incorporated into various styles, from streetwear to haute couture. This trend indicates a collective desire for timeless elegance blended with modern versatility. The following points illustrate how pearl ribbon trim influences contemporary fashion:

Reimagined Classics: Designers often use pearl trims to rehash classic silhouettes, breathing new life into vintage styles. This fusion of old and new can be seen in brands like Chanel, which elegantly pairs pearl accents with contemporary cuts.
Influencer Culture: Social media has played a crucial role in popularizing pearl ribbon trim. Influencers combine it seamlessly with casual outfits, showcasing how this element transcends traditional elements and fits into everyday wear.
Inclusivity in Design: More brands are embracing pearl trims across various demographics, as it adds a layer of luxury that appeals to a broad audience. The narrative of pearl ribbon trim is evolving, embracing inclusivity while maintaining its classic allure.

"Pearl ribbon trim is a fashion statement that whispers elegance; it encapsulates a blend of history and modernity, connecting cultures through its beauty."

Challenges in Incorporating Pearl Ribbon Trim

When one considers the elegance that pearl ribbon trim brings to fashion, it’s easy to overlook some of the challenges that come along with its use. Understanding these obstacles is crucial for both designers and consumers, as it aids in making informed choices. Issues related to durability and cost can significantly impact how garments are perceived and the longevity of the pieces themselves.

Durability Issues

Pearl ribbon trim, while stunning, faces its share of durability woes. Natural pearls, though beautiful, can be prone to wear and damage over time if not treated with care. For instance, exposure to sunlight and moisture can dull their sheen or even cause them to fracture. Similarly, ribbons not manufactured with strong fibers can fray or fall apart after repeated use. When considering garments adorned with pearl ribbon trim, it’s essential to think about the intended use.

Considerations include:

Washing and Care: Most trims require special treatment; it’s common practice to dry-clean garments rather than subject them to standard machine washing.
Occasional Use: For those garments planned for special events, durability may not be a primary concern. However, if your goal is versatility, it’s wise to choose pieces where the trim endures the test of time.

Fashionistas might find it beneficial to seek solutions for prolonging the life of such trims. Preventive measures like allowing garments to breathe in a cool, dry place can help mitigate wear and tear. Some might argue that the beauty of pearl ribbon trim often outweighs these concerns, yet an informed buyer retains a leg up in any stylish endeavor.

Cost Considerations

Next up, the elephant in the room: costs. Pearl ribbon trim, especially the high-quality variety, doesn't come cheap. The price often reflects the craftsmanship behind the pearls and the ribbon, not to mention any intricate design elements involved. For designers and consumers alike, this can shape buying decisions.

When budgeting, consider the following aspects:

Type of Pearls: Natural pearls cost significantly more than their synthetic counterparts. Each comes with its own set of pros and cons — while natural pearls offer a unique aesthetic, synthetic options often boast greater resilience.
Quality of Ribbons: Not all ribbons are created equal. Investing in higher-quality fabric can often mean the difference between a beautiful piece and one that deteriorates quickly.

"The finery of fashion comes at a price, but choosing wisely leads to lasting beauty."

As the fashion industry evolves, many seek to strike a balance between quality and cost. Retailers and stylists often explore ways to incorporate pearl ribbon trim without breaking the bank, presenting an exciting challenge for those passionate about fashion. In every stitch, the relationship between artistry and practicality must find its harmony.

By taking a critical approach to these challenges, professionals and enthusiasts can navigate the world of pearl ribbon trim with confidence and intentionality. This ensures that every ribbon and pearl woven into a piece not only looks great but lasts over time.

For more insights on fashion choices, check out Fashion Institute of Technology or Business of Fashion for current trends and expert analyses.

End

The exploration of pearl ribbon trim extends beyond a mere decorative element; it serves as a vital component in the world of fashion that embodies elegance and sophistication. In this article, we've taken a meticulous look at the many facets of pearl ribbon trim, illustrating how this embellishment not only enhances a garment’s appearance but also elevates personal style. The details matter, and these nuances are what separate an ordinary outfit from one that truly captivates.

Recap of Key Points

Definition and Characteristics: Pearl ribbon trim is defined by its unique ability to merge the subtle sheen of pearls with various ribbon types, creating a stunning visual appeal whether used in evening wear or casual outfits.
Historical Significance: This trim has a storied past, often associated with luxury and refinement, tracing back to numerous cultures that regard pearls as symbols of purity and prosperity.
Material Variations: The characteristics of natural versus synthetic pearls signify different applications and cost implications, alongside the choice of ribbons, affecting the overall finish of garments.
Variety of Applications: Whether it’s for high-end evening wear, day-to-day fashion, or momentous occasions like weddings, the versatility of pearl ribbon trim makes it an essential accessory.
Styling and Pairing Tips: Understanding which fabrics complement this trim is crucial. It isn’t just about appearance; the choice can significantly influence comfort and overall aesthetic.
Sustainability and Ethics: The consideration of eco-friendly materials and ethical production methods speaks to a growing awareness in the industry, highlighting responsible consumerism in fashion.
Cultural Significance: Acknowledging how different cultures integrate pearl ribbon trim opens a window to appreciate its broader impact on modern fashion trends.
Challenges: Recognizing the durability issues and cost considerations ensures informed decision-making when choosing to incorporate this embellishment.

Final Thoughts on Trends

As fashion continues to evolve, trends waver between minimalism and maximalism, but the allure of pearl ribbon trim remains steadfast. Southeast Asian influences entwine themselves into contemporary interpretations, and such a historical motif adapts gracefully to modern styles. The key is balance; incorporating pearl ribbon trim into your wardrobe can be a seamless blend of classic and chic. For fashion enthusiasts, designers, and stylists alike, the future of this embellishment lies in its versatility and ability to tell a story – your story. Recognizing the impact of such details can lead to more mindful choices in fashion, reinforcing a personal style that reflects not just the current trends but also individual identity.

In closing, pearl ribbon trim is not merely an accessory; it's a testament to the art of dressing well and the choices we make in the fabrics we cherish, allowing each piece to resonate with our unique fashion narrative.

Have More wonderful Articles: